‘Ta‘vil, (Hermeneutics) has long been one of the widely-debated terminologies particularly in the field  of Quranic research. Drawing upon  the earliest lexicographical documents,  the author argues that the term was originally used to mean, changing from potentiality to practice. Sinc this sens of ‘ta‘vil, goes and collocates with ‘Beginning’ ‘End, "Ultimate goal",  and‘ inward nature, the term has gradually acguired these meanings as well. Then, attempts are made to show how the frequent applications of ta’vil, in the Holy Quran (17 times) go with the original sense of the key word. Towards the end of the paper, the hermeneutics of Quran is discussed vis ―a― vis its being sent down ; the latter has a descending dirction whereas the former has got an ascending movement. Hence, hermeneutics facilitates mans journey from the explicit structural meaning of the Quran to its inward and superior word. For economy reasons , the author has deliberately skipped the other scholars’ views on this issue.

The nature of understanding, judging various interpretations of phenomena, and the extent of validity of these interpretations has turned to a core issue in contemporary philosophy. The study of modern hermeneutic approaches and ideas shows an unprecedented variety in issues related to the interpretation of the text. The present study is an attempt to have a brief look at the new hermeneutic approaches, to review true and false in modern interpretive ideas of the contemporary poetry, and to suggest some criteria for evaluating interpretations. Without setting such criteria, the factors affecting priority of one interpretation over another cannot be exactly determined.

For some time hermeneutics has been posed as a competitor for positivism in the field of cognitive and human sciences and has almost prevailed. The field of literature and interpretation of literary texts is one of the fields this branch has influenced. The aim of this article is to examine this subject, coin the term "Literary Hermeneutics" and explain how to apply it for interpreting literary texts, especially novels. To do that, we first define hermeneutics and then literary hermeneutics and its different circles and in the conclusion mention the obligations resulting from selecting each of these circles for interpretation.

Encyclopedia of new religious movements edited by Peter B. Clarke provides a truly engaging and authentic view of the emerging religious movements on a background of the universe. This encyclopedia, containing 428 articles from leading academics, studies the remarkable examples of religious movements emerging in each continent. Clarke as an editor has written a higher income as "New Religions as a global phenomenon", a "Resource guide of NRM" and a useful article entitled "Typology of new religions" in this encyclopedia. This encyclopedia is a leading, research, updating, important, and valuable reference for academic libraries. However, the encyclopedia suffers from some disadvantages, among which we can refer to apparent contradictions in Index, the incidence of historical errors, print, etc., in its context and putting NRM identified with the Cults, sects, and counter-culture groups

According to classical opinion about understanding and interpreting a text, meaning of the text is independent of reading and exists prior to any interpretation of the readers; it depends only to the author's intention. Neopragmatism is a post-modern school which possesses an audience-oriented and subjective hermeneutics and which in its analysis of the process of interpreting text, gives the main role to the interpreter and sees very little portion for the text. In this paper, explaining the theoretical and philosophical fundamentals of neopragmatism's approach to hermeneutics (presented in Richard Rorty's and Stanley Fish's works), we will analyse and criticize this theory and show its weakness and shortcoming.

Peace is one of the major concepts in political philosophy. Various schools in political philosophy and different political philosophers have presented different views about the ways that can help achieving peace among nations. In recent years, the idea of the "clash of civilization" has intensified efforts regarding the issue of peace. In this paper, it has been claimed that "dialogue among civilization" can be a very fruitful way towards peace. Relying upon the "Hermeneutics of Difference", cultural interaction through civilizational dialogue has been formulated as an alternative way for achieving peace.

The new developments in the field of hermeneutics and exegetic theory has, in certain areas, presented challenges to theology as a text-based field of knowledge with deep connections with the exegesis of holy scriptures. The present article intends to examine the effect of contemporary hermeneutics in both aspects of ‘exegesis as a theory of reading’ and ‘exegesis theory as philosophical hermeneutics and meta-exegesis’ on the field of traditional theology and to put emphasis on this point that each theological approach necessarily relies on a specific exegetic theory and to study the interaction between hermeneutics and theology in the following three domains:a. The critical challenge which contemporary hermeneutics presents to theology as a whole.b. The study of the new theological problems posed by contemporary hermeneutics.c. Re-examination of the effect of theological beliefs in hermeneutics.

Hermeneutics is one of the most important methods in modem literary criticism. This modem method has two different periods: I. Traditional hermeneutic which considers the principle of the definite and absolute meaning of discourse. II. New hermeneutics, which considers meaning as the reader, perceives. Although one may survey Hafez poetical works from different literary perspectives, such as the formalistic approach or the mythological attitude, one of the best methods in surveying and analyzing his poems is still the hermeneutic one.

Whether objectivity in the understanding of history is achievable? Putting in another way, whether it is possible to account a historical event purely objectively, and free of one’s own values, attitudes, and interests? Whether it is possible to have a “complete history” and a complete explanation of any historical matter? If it is not possible, then it necessarily leads to a relativistic approach which finds any historical narrative acceptable? Are there any criteria according to which one could compare truthfulness of various historical narratives? The present study approaches these questions hermeneutically. However, not all hermeneutical approaches answer them alike. Denying the relativist approach, this study attempts to analyze historicity of the human understanding and that of the interpreter him/herself.

This classic introduction in the field of hermeneutics, published in Persian for the first time, encompasses a wide range of approaches to interpreting the sacred text. Manfred Oeming, a professor of theology of the Old Testament at Heidelberg University, provides a brief history of philosophical hermeneutics, offering a clear structure to emphasize the existence of different approaches to interpreting a text and explaining the necessity of such diversity. In this article, which essentially serves as the first chapter of the book "An Introduction to Contemporary Biblical Hermeneutics," Oeming aims to introduce perspectives on the Bible and sacred texts by taking a brief look at interpretative traditions from Plato to the contemporary period.